语法
〜てある
JLPT级别
N4
接续
V（て形） + ある
语法含义
「〜てある」表示某个动作或状态是有意识或提前安排好的，强调动作的结果或状态的持续性。
可以理解为某件事情已经做好了，或者已经处于某种状态。
这个语法常用于描述事先安排好的情况，或者强调某种结果的存在。
英译
The grammar pattern "~てある" is used to indicate that a certain action has been completed and the result or state of that action is still relevant in the present.
It implies that the action was intentionally done or prepared in advance for a specific purpose.
For example, if you say "ドアが開けてある" (Doa ga akete aru), it means "The door is open (and remains open)", suggesting that someone intentionally left the door open and it is still in that state.
This pattern is often used to describe the current state resulting from a past action.
类似语法
誰かが何か目的があってその行為を行い、その行為の結果が残っていることを表す文型。
补充说明
動詞は他動詞が来る。
例句
(1)
部屋は掃除してある。 (Heya wa souji shite aru.)
房间已经打扫过了。
The room has been cleaned.
房间已经打扫过了。
The room has been cleaned.
(2)
彼女は髪を切ってある。 (Kanojo wa kami o kitte aru.)
她已经剪了头发。
She has had her hair cut.
她已经剪了头发。
She has had her hair cut.
(3)
窓が開けてある。 (Mado ga akete aru.)
窗户已经打开了。
The window has been opened.
窗户已经打开了。
The window has been opened.
(4)
彼は荷物を持ってきてある。 (Kare wa nimotsu o motte kite aru.)
他已经带来了行李。
He has brought the luggage.
他已经带来了行李。
He has brought the luggage.
(5)
食事が用意してある。 (Shokuji ga youi shite aru.)
饭已经准备好了。
The meal has been prepared.
饭已经准备好了。
The meal has been prepared.
(6)
この本は読んである。 (Kono hon wa yonde aru.)
这本书已经读过了。
This book has been read.
这本书已经读过了。
This book has been read.
(7)
車が洗ってある。 (Kuruma ga aratte aru.)
车已经洗过了。
The car has been washed.
车已经洗过了。
The car has been washed.
(8)
彼は仕事を終わってある。 (Kare wa shigoto o owatte aru.)
他的工作已经做完了。
He has finished his work.
他的工作已经做完了。
He has finished his work.
(9)
窓が閉めてある。 (Mado ga shimete aru.)
窗户已经关上了。
The window has been closed.
窗户已经关上了。
The window has been closed.
(10)
彼女はお茶を入れてある。 (Kanojo wa ocha o irete aru.)
她已经泡好茶了。
She has made tea.
她已经泡好茶了。
She has made tea.